Global warming--climate change polarization has ushered in a sense of urgency: “bridge the gap”
Black carbon soot remediation: top solution to defer climate tipping points and improve health
Problem: OECD emission control systems are impracticable to curb BCS in emerging economies
More affordable and reliable alternatives are needed…..help is on the way
•Global warming: rise in average temperatures of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th Century and its projected continuation; believed to be caused by higher concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions derived from human activity:
–GHG emissions in U.S. and Europe have backed off their peaks but emerging economy levels (esp. in China, India) have increased significantly; all need to be curbed
–Global Warming caused by GHG is considered a major contributor to Climate Change
•Climate change: significant lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over time periods ranging from decades to millions of years; believed to be caused by internal forcing mechanisms such as oceanic circulation, as well as external forcing mechanisms such as orbital variations, solar output, magnetic field strength, volcanism, plate tectonics and anthro-pogenic or human activity (e.g. from fossil fuel burning and deforestation).
•Given the nature of some inherently complex intertwined factors, GW/CC controversies have escalated to a heated polarized debate since the Kyoto Protocol entered into force in 2005, reaching the present high stakes stand-off:
–Promoters allege: (i) Earth is heating up because of human activity, (ii) the science is settled and (iii) the mission of Skeptics is essentially to plant enough doubt to slow down urgent steps needed to save the planet – such as reducing CO2, GHG and other emissions caused by FF burning that will require very remediation measures.
–Skeptics allege: (i) Earth is not getting warmer, at least not from human activity or CO2, a non-pollutant, (ii) even if Earth is warming, it may not be such a bad thing and (iii) the mission of Promoters is essentially part of United Nations stratagem aimed at reshaping sovereign governments and imposing additional financial burdens onto economies still struggling to recover from the Great Recession.
•Polarization brought a sense of urgency to defer climate tipping points until long-term carbon capture/storage/reuse measures take hold. Remediating BCS, a major element of particulate matter (PM, a harmful pollutant), emerged as a prime candidate to bridge the gap. But a big problem stands in the way: costly complex emission control systems installed in OECD require relatively clean engines powered by ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel because their precious metal catalysts succumb to sulfur poison, causing catastrophic ECS failure rates. Thus, they are not practicable for emerging economies powered by millions of dirty diesel engines burning high-sulfur fuels (“super-emitters”). More affordable and reliable alternatives are needed ASAP.
•Vanguard Global Developments mission: provide simple affordable reliable means to reverse Climate Change while improving health; achieved by : (i) preventing potent GW force BCS and co-pollutants (CO, HC, VOC, NOx) from escaping into the atmosphere and (ii) selectively allow cooling forces (SO2/SOx) to offset CO2 and other GW forces residing there. Solutions include:
